--- Title: Engels to Florence Kelley-Wischnewetzky, London, 28 December 1886 Description: Engels on the American labour movement: the working class must first move as a class; our theory is not a dogma but the exposition of a process of evolution. Author: Friedrich Engels Date: 1886-12-28 URL: https://marxismo.school/archivo/marx-engels/cartas/originales/1886-12-28%20Engels%20to%20Florence%20Kelley-Wischnewetzky --- *Letter from Friedrich Engels to Florence Kelley-Wischnewetzky in New York, London, 28 December 1886. Written in English. Text from: F. A. Sorge (ed.),* Briefe und Auszüge aus Briefen von Joh. Phil. Becker, Jos. Dietzgen, Friedrich Engels, Karl Marx u. A. an F. A. Sorge und Andere *(Stuttgart, 1906), pp. 242-244. Sorge leaves out two paragraphs, marking each cut with a line of dashes. [Spanish translation](https://marxismo.school/archivo/marx-engels/cartas/1886-12-28%20Engels%20a%20Florence%20Kelley-Wischnewetzky)* London, Decbr. 28th 1886. Dear Mrs. Wischnewetzky. Your letter of November 13th never reached me, for which I am very sorry; it would have suited me much better to write a preface *then*, and moreover would have left me more time. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Of course appendix is now a little out of date, and as I anticipated something of the kind, I proposed it should be written when the book was ready through the press. Now a preface will be much wanted, and I will write you one; but before, I must await the return of the Avelings to have a full report of the state of things in America; and it seems to me that my preface will not be exactly what you desire. First you seem to me to treat New York a little as the Paris of America, and to overrate the importance, for the country at large, of the local New York movement with its local features. No doubt it has a great importance, but then the North West, with its background of a numerous farming population and its independent movement will hardly accept blindly the George theory. Secondly — the preface of this book is hardly the place for a thoroughgoing criticism of that theory, and does not even offer the necessary space for it. Thirdly I should have to study thoroughly H. G's. various writings and speeches (most of which I have not got) so as to render impossible all replies based on subterfuges and side issues. My preface will of course turn entirely on the immense stride made by the American workingman in the last ten months, and naturally also touch H. G. and his land scheme. But it cannot pretend to deal extensively with it. Nor do I think the time has come for that. It is far more important that the movement should spread, proceed harmoniously, take root and embrace as much as possible the whole American proletariate, than that it should start and proceed from the beginning on theoretically perfectly correct lines. There is no better road to theoretical clearness of comprehension than to learn by one's own mistakes, “durch Schaden klug werden”. And for a whole large class, there is no other road, especially for a nation so eminently practical and so contemptuous of theory as the Americans. The great thing is to get the working class to move as a *class*; that once obtained, they will soon find the right direction, and all who resist, H. G. or Powderly, will be left out in the cold with small sects of their own. Therefore I think also the K. of L. a most important factor in the movement which ought not to be poo-poohed from without but to be revolutionized from within, and I consider that many of the Germans then have made a grievous mistake when they tried, in the face of a mighty and glorious movement not of their own creation, to make of their imported and not always understood theory a kind of alleinseligmachendes dogma, and to keep aloof from any movement, which did not accept that dogma. Our theory is not a dogma but the exposition of a process of evolution, and that process involves successive phases. To expect that the Americans will start with the full consciousness of the theory worked out in older industrial countries is to expect the impossible. What the Germans ought to do is to act up to their own theory — if they understand it, as we did in 1845 and 1848 — to go in for any real general working class-movement, accept its faktischen starting point as such and work it gradually up to the theoretical level by pointing out, how every mistake made, every reverse suffered, was a necessary consequence of mistaken theoretical orders in the original programme: they ought, in the words of the Kommun. Manifest: in der Gegenwart der Bewegung die Zukunft der Bewegung repräsentieren. But above all give the movement time to consolidate, do not make the inevitable confusion of the first start worse confounded by forcing down people's throats things, which, at present they cannot properly understand but which they soon will learn. A million or two of workingmen's votes next November for a bona fide workingmen's party is worth infinitely more at present than a hundred thousand votes for a doctrinally perfect platform. The very first attempt — soon to be made if the movement progresses — to consolidate the moving masses on a national basis — will bring them all face to face, Georgites, K. of L., Trades Unionists, and all; and if our German friends by that time have learnt enough of the language of the country to go in for a discussion, then will be the time for them to criticise the views of the others and thus, by showing up the inconsistencies of the various standpoints, to bring them gradually to understand their own actual position, the position made for them by the correlation of capital and wage-labour. But anything that might delay or prevent that national consolidation of the workingmen's party — on no matter what platform — I should consider a great mistake, and therefore I do not think the time has arrived to speak out fully and exhaustivelly either with regard to H. G. or the K. of L. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — As to the title: I cannot omit the 1844, because the omission would give an entirely false idea of what the reader has to expect. And as I, by the preface and appendix, take a certain responsibility, I cannot consent to its being left out. You may add: “With preface and appendix by the author”, if you think proper. The proofs I return corrected by same mail. Yours very faithfully F. Engels.